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Cocaine Overdose: Signs, Symptoms, and Treatment

Learn how to identify and take action in the event of a cocaine overdose. This article covers the early warning signs and symptoms of a cocaine overdose, emergency treatment, and other frequently asked questions.

Written By Stuart Croft
Reviewed By Tiffany Green
Medically Reviewed By Dr David Barker
Updated November 28, 2024

As addiction recovery specialists, we have seen all forms of substance abuse, including the devastation cocaine specifically can cause. However, for those without the first-hand experience we have, it can be easy to mistake the drug as ‘harmless’. 

We want to set the record straight – cocaine is incredibly harmful, with life-threatening consequences. 

In fact, over 5,440 deaths in England and Wales were related to drug poisoning in 2023, according to government data. Knowing the signs of a cocaine overdose is crucial to getting life-saving treatment faster. 

To help, we will go over the signs of a cocaine overdose, as well as the treatment that can help you recover.

Can you overdose on cocaine?

Yes, you can overdose on cocaine, from taking too much of it or mixing it with other substances like cannabis, heroin, or alcohol. 

As cocaine is an exceptionally powerful stimulant, it poses a real and significant risk of overdose, even to first-time users. Even a small amount can place immense strain on the cardiovascular system and, when taken in a large quantity, can end up being fatal.

 

Worried about your or a loved one’s cocaine addiction?

Reach out to Gladstones Clinic for an obligation-free discussion on our clinics, treatment programmes, and how we help people permanently break free from cocaine addiction.

Cocaine overdose and fatality statistics in the UK

After cannabis, cocaine is the second most consumed illegal drug in the UK, despite data showing the potentially fatal consequences of the substance. 

In 2024, the number of cocaine-related deaths reached 1,279 across the UK, a 14% increase on figures from the previous year and 11 times higher than in 2011. Of those deaths, around 76.8% were males and 23.2% were females.

Cocaine-related deaths are often caused by overdose, but there are other closely linked causes, including: 

 

  • Overdose: Too much cocaine for the system to handle at once, leading to cardiovascular failure, seizures, or strokes. 

 

  • Drug cocktails: Taking cocaine alongside other drugs or alcohol may increase the risk of overdose.

 

  • Health-related OD: Cocaine users with existing cardiovascular conditions such as hypertension or arrhythmia are at increased risk of overdose. 

 

  • Suicide and accidents: Cocaine abuse is linked to depression, suicide ideation, suicide, and cognitive impairment that increases the risk of a fatal accident.

 

Deaths related to drug poisoning across England and Wales have been increasing over the years. Have a look at our tables below to see how drug-related deaths have changed between 1993 and 2023.

 

Signs of a cocaine overdose

Many of the symptoms of a cocaine overdose are easily identifiable by bystanders. However, the early warning signs that a cocaine overdose might be imminent can be harder to spot. 

For example, early signs of a cocaine overdose include agitation and restlessness, which can also be signs of someone who has just taken cocaine and is not necessarily about to overdose. 

Other early signs of a potential cocaine overdose include:

  • A rapid heart rate
  • Chest pain
  • Difficulty breathing
  • Severe agitation or restlessness
  • Anxiety
  • Profuse sweating
  • Dilated pupils

If you see someone displaying these symptoms after ingesting cocaine, contact emergency services immediately to give them the best chance of avoiding an overdose.

Symptoms of a cocaine overdose

Symptoms of a cocaine overdose are not always the same for everyone, but there are a few common ones to be aware of.

Depending on the individual’s use history, the strength of the cocaine ingested, and the effects of other substances taken, a person going into a cocaine overdose might display any combination of the following physical and psychological symptoms.

 

Physical symptoms of a cocaine overdose:

  • Extreme tachycardia (rapid heart rate), sometimes accompanied by chest pain that radiates up to the shoulder and down the left arm

 

  • Either rapid or slow breathing, gasping for air, other breathing difficulties, or a bluish tint to the lips and skin

 

  • Uncontrollable tremors or shaking

 

  • Loss of bladder control

 

  • Seizure, stroke, or loss of consciousness

 

Psychological symptoms of a cocaine overdose:

  • Severe anxiety or panic attacks

 

  • Confusion about where they are or their surroundings, delirium, or psychosis

 

  • Nonsensical communication or repeating the same unintelligible phrases

 

  • Visual or auditory hallucinations

The symptoms of a cocaine overdose must not be ignored. If you notice these symptoms in someone contact medical services immediately.

 

How much cocaine can you take before you overdose?

There isn’t an exact amount that’s known to cause a cocaine overdose, as there are too many factors that can affect how the substance acts once ingested. However, some aspects that can make an overdose more likely include:

 

  • Cocaine purity: Higher purity levels increase the odds of an overdose, especially if a person is used to taking larger bumps of lower-quality cocaine and unwittingly makes the change to a more pure form.

 

  • Health profile: Young, fit, and generally healthy individuals are at a lower risk of overdose than those with existing physical and mental health concerns.

 

  • Ingestion method: Administering cocaine straight to the bloodstream by injection increases both its effects and the likelihood of an overdose as a large amount is rapidly absorbed. That being said, smoking and snorting cocaine are both still dangerous and put one at risk of a cocaine overdose.

 

  • Drug interactions: Practices such as speedballing (mixing cocaine with opiates) or mixing cocaine with alcohol, other stimulants, or benzodiazepines such as Valium or Xanax all interact with cocaine in a way that increases the risk of a cocaine overdose.

 

How to treat a cocaine overdose

When someone is experiencing a cocaine overdose, it needs to be treated as an emergency to prevent fatal consequences. Treating someone after an overdose, who may still be struggling with addiction, involves different steps. 

While treatment will look different for each person, you can take a look at the common ways to treat cocaine overdose and addiction below.

 

In an emergency

The best thing you can do for someone overdosing on cocaine is to contact emergency services immediately by dialling 999.

If you are at a festival, rave, or other large public event, immediately send someone to find a medical professional.

A person experiencing a cocaine overdose needs professional medical attention, as potentially life-saving medications such as anticonvulsants, antihypertensive agents, or antiarrhythmics will need to be administered to help. 

Should you notice the person isn’t breathing or has a weak pulse while you are waiting for paramedics, you can administer first aid if you or someone nearby is trained:


  • Check their airway is clear, that they’re breathing, and how strong their heartbeat is
  • If the person isn’t breathing or has no pulse, administer CPR if trained to do so.

 

Don’t cancel the emergency services, even if the person comes around before they arrive – they will still need medical attention.

 

In the long term

When someone overdoses on cocaine, it can be a sign that addiction support is needed, especially if it isn’t the first health complication they have had from taking the substance. 

If you or a loved one’s cocaine habit has grown to the point where an overdose has happened, entering a rehab programme as soon as possible gives you the best chance of recovery. 

With cocaine rehab, you get around-the-clock care from addiction specialists who guide you through detox, recovery, therapy, and aftercare.

Over 169,542 adults entered drug and alcohol misuse services during the 2024/25 period. So, if you are considering cocaine rehab for yourself, you are not alone.

 

How Gladstones Clinic can help you or your loved one

Gladstones Clinic is a leading UK cocaine rehab clinic with residential and outpatient clinics across major cities in the south. 

With 20 years of experience in helping individuals overcome cocaine abuse, you can trust our treatment programmes to be safe, effective, and, most importantly, long-lasting. 

We take an integrated and holistic approach to treating substance abuse to ensure all of our service users receive the right care for them. First, we take the time to understand each patient as a person before designing bespoke treatment schedules based on their needs.

If you or a loved one are struggling to overcome a cocaine addiction, please contact Gladstones Clinic for an obligation-free discussion. You can reach us on 0808 168 2433 or fill out the contact form below.

 

Cocaine overdose FAQs

Five of the most common signs of an overdose include slow, erratic, or stopped pulse, clammy skin, irregular breathing, confusion, and dilated pupils. However, there are other signs to be aware of, such as vomiting, seizures, or bluish skin. 

Overdoses happen when too much of a drug is ingested in one go, or a mixture of different substances is taken at the same time. As the body can’t process such high amounts of the drug, it can cause an overdose. 

Cocaine withdrawal is what happens when a person starts to reduce or stop their intake of the drug. It can happen almost as soon as the substance leaves the system, with symptoms of withdrawal including agitation, anxiety, fatigue, and paranoia. 

After an overdose, a person may seem unresponsive with slow, shallow, or erratic breathing. If you notice this, it’s important to call 999 immediately to ensure they get the medical care they need. 

Gladstones Clinic: Professional intervention, diagnosis, detox, and rehab for cocaine addiction.

Contact Gladstones Clinic for an obligation-free discussion of how we can help you or a loved one permanently overcome cocaine addiction.

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